Methods and apparatus for aggregating and distributing presence information

ABSTRACT

A user has a plurality of user identities, e.g., a Google ID, an IMS ID, a PBX phone number, a Lync ID, etc., corresponding to different domains and/or different autonomous systems. A presence aggregation interworking function (PAIF) device aggregates presence state information corresponding to the same user and different non-Lync IDs, formats the aggregated information into a Lync compatible format, and communicates the aggregated formatted presence state information to a Lync Presence server. The Lync Presence server may, and sometimes does, further aggregates the aggregated presence state information received from the PAIF, corresponding to the user, with presence state information from a device using a Lync ID, corresponding to the same user. The Lync presence server distributes the aggregated presence state information to other devices, which have expressed an interest in receiving presence state information corresponding to the user.

FIELD

The present application relates to methods and apparatus for aggregating and distributing user presence information across multiple autonomous systems and/or domains.

BACKGROUND

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application level protocol defined by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for creating, modifying and terminating multimedia sessions. SIP is widely used for establishing and terminating voice, video, and messaging sessions over IP (Internet Protocol) and to exchange presence information.

Presence information is a status indicator that conveys ability and willingness of a potential communication partner (on the other end). A user's client provides presence information (presence state) to a presence service. The presence service stores the user's presence information in what constitutes the user's personal availability record sometimes referred to as a presentity. Under certain conditions the user's presentity is made available for distribution to other users, who are sometimes referred to as watchers, to convey the user's availability for communication. In this way the presence information is the service enabler for instance messaging (IM), voice or video sessions. The growth in popularity of instant messaging and voice over IP from consumers is largely attributed to the availability of the presence information of other users such as in a buddy list.

There are currently multiple services offering presence, IM, and/or voice/video communications services. For example, the IP (Internet Protocol) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia services. IMS was originally designed by the wireless standards body 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and later on maintained and updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2 and TISPAN (Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking) as a collaborative effort. IMS defines an architecture and procedures for implementing the voice, video, IM and presence services based on Session Initiation Protocol. IMS is considered one of the next generation architectures for providing services over IP among the Telcom industry. There are also numerous web based services such as, for example, Google Talk (gtalk), skype, and yahoo instant messaging offering presence enabled instant messaging, voice and/or video services. Moreover, there are product offerings such as, for example, Microsoft Lync and Cisco Jabber, which are popular in the Enterprise market. Microsoft (MS) Lync offers integrated instant messaging, voice, video services from a system hosted in the Enterprise as well as Lync online which is a cloud based communication service. In such systems in order to get a communication service a user needs an Identity which is recognized in the service domain. For example, a skype ID is needed for using skype service, an IMS Public user Identity is needed for using IMS service, and an Microsoft Lync ID is needed for using Lync service.

These communication services are managed as Autonomous systems which recognize the user by the Identity assigned to the user by the system. However, each system does not know the Identities of the same user in other Autonomous systems. As a result, presence aggregation logic does not take the activity on other user identities of the same user into consideration. This leads to inaccurate representation of the presence state of the user. For example, Microsoft Lync aggregates the presence of the user based on the activity of the user on all the devices, the user logged in with a Microsoft Lync ID. But, Microsoft Lync presence does not take into account the user activity in other domains or autonomous systems such as gtalk or IMS phone.

It should be appreciated that there is a need for methods and apparatus that can aggregate and distribute a user's presence information across multiple autonomous federated and non-federated systems and/or domains.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments, in accordance with the present invention, are directed to methods and apparatus for combining presence state information for a user, who has different identities corresponding to different domains and/or autonomous systems, and/or for redistributing combined presence state information across multiple autonomous federated and non-federated systems and/or domains.

For example, MS Lync presence state corresponding to a user is updated based on the user's activity on the IMS identity, e.g., phone number, of the user.

A user has a plurality of user identities, e.g., a Google ID, an IMS ID, a PBX phone number, a Lync ID, etc., corresponding to different domains and/or different autonomous systems. A PAIF (Presence Aggregation Information Interworking Function) device aggregates presence state information corresponding to the same user and different non-Lync IDs, formats the aggregated information into a Lync compatible format, and communicates the aggregated formatted presence state information to a Lync Presence server. The Lync Presence server may, and sometimes does, further aggregation of the aggregated presence state information received from the PAIF, corresponding to the user, with presence state information from one or more devices using a Lync ID, corresponding to the same user. The Lync presence server distributes the aggregated presence state information to other devices, which have expressed an interest in receiving presence state information corresponding to the user.

An exemplary method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems, in accordance with some embodiments includes: receiving, at a first aggregation element, first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system; receiving, at the first aggregation element, second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system; generating, at the first aggregation element, from said first and second presence information a first set of aggregated presence information; and communicating from the first aggregation element said first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier.

While various exemplary embodiments and features have been described, numerous additional features and embodiments are described in the detailed description which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary communications environment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a first part of a flowchart of an exemplary method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2B is a second part of a flowchart of an exemplary method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary presence aggregation information interworking function (PAIF) device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary assembly of modules which may be included in a PAIF device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary first presence server, e.g., a MS Lync presence server, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary assembly of modules which may be included in a first presence server, e.g., a MS Lync server, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary communications environment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary Lync network coupled to an IMS network via a PAIF device.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an exemplary method of operating a PAIF device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary table 1000 which correlates users with user IDs.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary logic table that is used to generate aggregated presence information in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary logic table that is used to generate updated aggregated presence information in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary table that is used to generate presence information based on monitored activity in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary communications environment 100 including, among other things, a presence server 102 and a presence aggregation information interworking function device (PAIF device) 108 for processing data, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The data being processed may be, and in various embodiments is, user presence information from a variety of different systems. In some embodiments of the present invention, the exemplary communications environment 100 is implemented to aggregate user presence information for one or more user's from a plurality of autonomous communications systems and then distribute the aggregated presence information to one or more devices.

The exemplary communications environment 100 includes a presence server 102 which is shown in the exemplary embodiment as a MS Lync Presence server, an Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) gateway 104, a Google presence server 106, a Cisco presence server 116, a presence aggregation information interworking function device (PAIF device) 108, a web server 109 including a Google applications module 110, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network 112, and a call server 114, e.g., an Enterprise PBX system.

IMS network 112 includes a call server control entity, e.g., S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) 113. In the exemplary embodiment, device 2 120 is a mobile device having an IMS ID corresponding to user A. In some embodiments, second presence information, corresponding to device 2 120 and user A, which is communicated to PAIF device 108, includes SIP session information from S-CSCF 113. In some embodiments, IMS network 112 includes a home subscriber server (HSS) 115 including memory 117 for storing one or more sets of aggregate presence information corresponding to IMS IDs, e.g., for storing a first set of aggregate presence information corresponding to the IMS ID being used by device 2 120. Thus, in some embodiments, aggregate presence information generated by PAIF device 108 is stored in the IMS network 112 in memory 117 of HSS 115.

Call server 114 includes a CTI interface 119 and a generation module 121. The CTI interface 119 is configured to monitor for call activity corresponding to a fourth user identifier corresponding to user A, e.g., activity corresponding to user identifier used with desk phone device 4 122. Generation module 121 is configured to generate fourth presence information based on the monitoring of the CTI interface 119. Fourth presence information is an input to PAIF device 108.

The exemplary communications environment 100 further includes a plurality of user devices (device 1 118, device 2 120, device 3 124, device 4 122, device 5 126, . . . , device N 128, and device C 130). Device 1 118 is a PC/smartphone, which corresponds to user A and which includes Google login capability. Device 2 120 is a mobile, e.g. a cell phone with an IMS ID, which corresponds to user A. Device 3 124 is a PC/smartphone, which corresponds to user A and which includes Lync login capability. Device 4 122 is a desk phone, which corresponds to user A and which interfaces to Enterprise PBX 114. Device 5 126 is a PC/smartphone, which corresponds to user B and which includes Lync login capability and a MS Lync ID different from user A and user N. Device N 128 is a PC/smartphone, which corresponds to user N and which includes Lync login capability and a MS Lync ID different from user A and B. Device C 130 is a PC/smartphone, which corresponds to user C and which includes Cisco login capability.

The exemplary communications environment 100 further includes communications links (119, 121, 144, 123, 146, 148, 152) between user devices (user device 1 118, user device 2 120, user device 4 122, user device 3 124, user device B 126, user device N 128, user device C 130) and (Google applications module 110, IMS network 112, Enterprise PBX system 114, MS Lync Presence server 102, MS Lync Presence server 102, MS Lync Presence server 102, Cisco Presence server 116), respectively. The exemplary communications environment 100 further includes a link 132 between web server 109 including Google Applications module 110 and PAIF device 108, a link 134 between IMS network 112 and PAIF device 108, a link 136 between Enterprise PBX system 114 and PAIF device 108, a link 138 between PAIF device 108 and MS Lync presence server 102. Exemplary system 100 further includes a communications link 140 between MS Lync Presence server 102 and XMPP gateway 104, a communications link 142, e.g., a Federation interface, between XMPP gateway 104 and Google presence server 106, a communications link 150, e.g., a Federation interface, between XMPP gateway 104 and Cisco Presence server 116, and a communications link 145 between Google Presence server 106 and user device 1 106. The communications links of the communications environment 100 may be, and in some embodiments are, bi-directional communications links.

Google Apps 110 and user device 1 118 are part of a first autonomous network 156. IMS network 112 and user device 2 120 are part of a second autonomous network 158. Call server 114, e.g., an Enterprise PBX system, and user device 4 122 are part of a fourth autonomous system 160. User device 3 124, user device 5 126, and user device N 128, and MS Lync presence server 102 are part of a third autonomous network 161.

PAIF device 108 receives and aggregates presence information corresponding to different user identifiers for the same user, e.g., user A, corresponding to different domains in different autonomous systems. The PAIF device 108 receives presence information to be aggregated via different interfaces, e.g., a XMPP interface via link 132, a SIP IMS interface via link 134, and a SIP/CTI interface via link 136. The PAIF device 108 generates a set of aggregated presence information from the received presence information and puts it in a first format, e.g., a format compatible to the MS Lync presence server 102. The MS Lync presence server 102 receives presence information from devices with a MS Lync interface, e.g., PAIF device 138, device 3 124, device 126, and device N 128. The MS Lync presence server 102 aggregates presence information received from PAIF device 108 and device 3 124, which correspond to the same user, e.g., user A. The MS Lync presence server performs format conversion of aggregated presence information. The MS Lync Presence server 102 communicates aggregated presence information to other devices in the communications environment 100, e.g., which have registered to receive updated presence information or have requested presence information, e.g., corresponding to a particular user identifier.

User A, user B, and user N use the MS Lync presence server 102 for presence and address book services, while user C uses the Cisco Jabber including the Cisco presence server 116 for presence and address book services. User A uses device 1 118 with gtalk communications, device 2 120 with mobile cellular network communications, device 3 124 with MS Lync communications, and device 4 122, e.g., a desk phone with Internet packet based phone communications, for communications. The PAIF device 108 updates the presence state based on activity on user A's various identities, e.g., corresponding to devices 118, 120, 122. The MS Lync server 102 aggregates status information corresponding to device 3 124 with the status information communicated from PAIF device 108. The MS Lync Presence server 102 sends updated presence states to all the watchers, e.g., devices which have previously registered to receive status updates corresponding to user A. For example, consider that user B and user C are watching user A, then Lync presence server 102 will send the updated presence state pertaining to user A, to user B, e.g., device 126 and to user C, e.g., device 130. In this example, user C is in a different domain, and federation interface 150 is used to send the updated status.

In the exemplary communications environment 100, there are two levels of aggregation for presence information corresponding to user A, e.g., a first level performed by PAIF device 108 and a second level performed by MS Lync presence server 102. In some embodiments, the MS Lync presence server 102 in unaware that the presence information being communicated from PAIF device 108 to the MS Lync presence server is aggregated presence information corresponding to different user devices in different domains of different autonomous networks.

FIG. 2, comprising the combination of FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, is a flowchart 200 of an exemplary method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems, e.g., communications environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Operation starts in step 202 and proceeds to step 204, in which the system is initialized. During the initialization step, the user identities corresponding to each user are stored in memory, e.g., the user identifiers corresponding to the first user are associated in memory accessible to the PAIF device, e.g., PAIF memory 322, as corresponding to the first user. The stored user identities are then available for later use in the process for example during the aggregation of presence information for a user based on the user ids associated with the user. FIG. 10 provides an exemplary table 1000 generated during initiation corresponding to the users shown in FIG. 1 which may be, and in some embodiments is stored in PAIF memory 322. Each of the entries in rows 1012, 1014, 1016 and 1018 contains information associating the user identified in the entries of column 1002 with its known user IDs or aliases wherein the user's user ID 1 is contained in the entries in column 1004, the user's user ID 2 is contained in the entries of 1004, the user's user ID 3 is contained in the entries of column 1008 and the user's user ID 4 is contained in the entries s of column 1010. For example, the first user, e.g., user A (entry column 1002, row 1012) is associated with user ID 1 which is Google ID 1 (entry column 1004, row 1012), user ID 2 which is IMS ID 1 (entry column 1006, row 1012), user ID 3 which is MS Lync ID 1 (entry column 1008, row 1012), and user ID 4 Enterprise PBX ID 1 (entry column 1010, row 1012). The user IDs, e.g., MS Lync ID. 1, MS Lync ID. 2, Google ID 1, IMS ID 1, Enterprise PBX ID 1, and Cisco ID 1 are merely exemplary are merely used for illustrative purposes. Row 1014 of table 1000 associates the second user, e.g., user B (entry column 1002, row 1014) with user ID 1 which is MS Lync ID 2 (entry column 1004, row 1014). Row 1016 of table 1000 associates the third user, e.g., user N (entry column 1002, row 1016) with user ID 1 which is MS Lync ID 3 (entry column 1004, row 1016). Row 1018 of table 1000 associates the fourth user, e.g., user C (entry column 1002, row 1018) with user ID 1 which is Cisco ID 1 (entry column 1004, row 1018).

Operation proceeds from step 204 to step 206, step 208, and step 232, via connecting node A 209.

In step 206, monitoring is performed at a first aggregations element, e.g., PAIF device 108, for presence information. Operation proceeds from step 206 to step 210 and 212. In step 210 first presence information 211, corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user, e.g., user A, indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system, e.g., system 156, is received at the first aggregation element. Returning to step 212, in step 212 second presence information 213, corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user device indicating a presence of state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system, e.g., system 158, is received at the first aggregation element. Operation proceeds from step 210 and step 212 to step 214.

In step 214 a first set of aggregated presence information is generated at the first aggregation element from the first and second presence information. In some embodiments the first set of aggregated presence information is generated by performing an ORing operation on the first presence information received corresponding to the first user identifier and the second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user. Table 1100 of FIG. 11 shows an exemplary logic table that illustrates the PAIF aggregated state for a first user based on the first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system and the second presence information corresponding to the second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system. The presence states used in this example are available, busy and offline. The entries of column 1102 provide the first presence information corresponding to the first user in the first domain of the first autonomous system. The entries of column 1104 provide the second presence information corresponding to the first user in the second domain of the second autonomous system. The entries of column 1106 provide the PAIF aggregated presence information that may be, and in some embodiments is, generated based on the first and second presence information contained in entries in the corresponding row of the table. Rows 1108, 1110, 1112, 1114, 1116, 1118, 1120, 1122, and 1124 associate a first presence information corresponding to a first user, a second presence information corresponding to a first user with the PAIF aggregated presence information generated from the corresponding first and second presence information. For example, if the first presence information received corresponding to the first user is a state of available (entry column 1102, row 1110) and the second presence information received corresponding to the first user is a state of busy (entry column 1104, row 1110) then the PAIF aggregated presence information corresponding to the first user that is generated is a state of busy (entry column 1106, row 1110).

Operation proceeds from step 214 to step 218, and in some embodiments, operation proceeds from step 214 to optional step 216. In step 216, the first set of aggregate presence information is stored in a memory, e.g., memory 117 of FIG. 1 or memory 314 of FIG. 3. In step 218, the first set of aggregated information is processed at the first aggregation element to put the first set of aggregated information in a first format. In some embodiments, the first set of aggregated information in the first format includes an aggregation indicator indicating that the information being communicated is aggregated information. In various embodiments, the first set of aggregated information in the first format is stored in a memory, e.g., memory 117 of FIG. 1 or memory 314 of FIG. 3. Operation proceeds from step 218 to step 220.

In step 220, the first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, is communicated from the first aggregation element to a first presence server, e.g., MS Lync presence server 102, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier. Operation proceeds from step 220 to step 222. In step 222, the first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, is communicated from the first presence server to a device, e.g., device 3 124, in a third domain of a third autonomous system. In one exemplary embodiment the third device is an MS LYNC device.

In some embodiments, the first set of aggregated presence information is generated by a presence aggregation internetworking function module included in said first aggregation element. In some such embodiments, the first aggregation element is configured to interface between an IMS network and a MS Lync server. In some such embodiments, the first aggregation element is located in a device, e.g., PAIF device 108, positioned between the IMS network, e.g., IMS network 112, and the MS Lync server, e.g., MS Lync server 102. In some such embodiments, the MS Lync server is the first presence server.

In some embodiments, the first aggregation element is located in a device located in the IMS network. In some embodiments, the first aggregation element is located is located in a session border controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of an IMS network.

Operation proceeds from step 222 to step 226.

Returning to step 208, in step 208 monitoring is performed at the first presence server for presence information. Operation proceeds from step 208 to step 224. In step 224, third presence information 215 corresponding to the third user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user on a third device, e.g., device 3 124, in a third domain of a third autonomous system is received at the first presence server. Operation proceeds from step 224 to step 226.

In step 226 an updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format is generated from the first set of aggregated presence information and the third presence information from said third device. In some embodiments the updated first set of aggregated presence information is generated by performing an ORing operation on the first set of aggregated presence information received corresponding to the third user identifier and the third presence information received from said third device. Table 1200 of FIG. 12 shows an exemplary logic table that illustrates the logic used to generate the updated first set of presence information corresponding to the first user from a first set of PAIF aggregated presence information corresponding to the first user and third presence information corresponding to the first user. The presence states used in this example are available, busy and offline. The entries of column 1202 provide the PAIF aggregated presence information corresponding to the first user. The entries of column 1204 provide the third presence information corresponding to the first user. The entries of column 1206 provide the updated first set of presence corresponding to the first user. The updated first set of presence information corresponding to the first user may be, and in some embodiments is, generated based on the first set of PAIF aggregated presence information and the third presence information corresponding to the first user contained in entries in the corresponding row of the table. Rows 1208, 1210, 1212, 1214, 1216, 1218, 1220, 1222, and 1224 associate PAIF aggregated presence information corresponding to a first user, third presence information corresponding to a first user with the updated first set of aggregated presence information generated from the corresponding PAIF aggregated and third presence information. For example, if the PAIF aggregated presence information received corresponding to the first user is a state of available (entry column 1202, row 1210) and the third presence information received corresponding to the first user is a state of busy (entry column 1204, row 1210) then the updated first set of aggregated presence information corresponding to the first user that is generated is a state of busy (entry column 1206, row 1210).

Operation proceeds from step 226 to step 228. In step 228 said updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format is communicated to a device in the third domain, e.g., the third device, e.g., device 3 124, or another device in the third domain, e.g., device 5 126 or device N 126. In some embodiments, the first presence server is an MS Lync server, and the third identifier is an MS Lync ID. In some such embodiments, the first set of aggregated presence information is not indicated to be aggregated information. In some such embodiments, the first and second user identifiers are not MS Lync identifiers. Operation proceeds from step 228 via connecting node B 230 to the input of steps 206, 208 and 232.

Returning to step 232, in step 232 a computer telephony interface (CTI) of a call server, e.g., CTI 119 of call server 114, is operated to monitor call activity corresponding to a fourth user identifier. Operation proceeds from step 232 to step 234. In step 234 the computer telephony interface of the call server is operated to generate a fourth presence information based on said monitoring. Operation proceeds from step 234 to step 236. In step 236 fourth presence information 217 corresponding to a fourth user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system, e.g., system 160, is received at the first aggregation element. Operation proceeds from step 236 to step 238. In step 238 an updated first set of aggregated presence information is generated at the first aggregation element from said first, second, and fourth presence information (211, 213, 215, 217).

In some embodiments the updated first set of aggregated presence information is generated in step 238 by performing an ORing operation on the first, second and third presence information received corresponding to the first user. For example, the exemplary logic illustrated in FIG. 11 may be extended to include the fourth presence information as will be understood by one of skill in the art. For example, if the first presence information is busy and the second presence information is available and the third presence information is offline the first set of updated aggregated presence information would be busy.

Operation proceeds from step 238 to step 240. In some embodiments, operation proceeds from step 238 to optional step 239.

In step 239 the updated first set of aggregated presence information is stored in a memory, e.g., memory 117 of FIG. 1 or memory 314 of FIG. 3. In step 240 the updated first set of aggregated presence information is processed at the first aggregation element to put the updated first set of aggregated presence information in a first format. In various embodiments, the updated first set of aggregated information in the first format is stored in a memory, e.g., memory 117 of FIG. 1 or memory 314 of FIG. 3. Operation proceeds from step 240 to step 242.

In step 242 the updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, is communicated from the first aggregation element to the first presence server, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier. Operation proceeds from step 242 to step 244. In step 244 the updated first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier is communicated from the first presence server to at least one device which supports the first format and which has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, e.g., device 5 126. In some embodiments, the first presence information 211 corresponds to a first device, e.g., device 1 118; the second presence information 213 corresponds to a second device, e.g., device 2 120; the fourth presence information 217 corresponds to a fourth device, e.g., device 4 122; and the first, second and fourth devices correspond to the first user, e.g., user A. In some embodiments, the device which supports said first format and has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier is a device which registered for presence updates corresponding to the first MS Lync ID or requested presence information for the first MS Lync ID which corresponds to the third user identifier.

In some embodiments, operation proceeds from step 242 to optional step 246. In step 246 the updated first set of aggregated presence information is converted from a first format to a different format used by a device which does not support said first format but which has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier. In various embodiments, step 242 is performed by the first presence server. In some embodiments, the third presence information 215 includes user state information in an MS Lync format, and said first, second, and fourth domains are domains in which MS Lync is not used to communicate presence information. Operation proceeds from step 246 to step 248. In step 248 the updated first set of aggregated presence information is communicated to at least one device which does not support the first format but supports the converted different format. In various embodiments, step 248 is performed by the first presence server which sends the updated first set of aggregated presence information in the converted format to a device which does not support the first format, e.g., to device C 130. In one example, the communications path from the MS Lync presence server to device C 130 traverses XMPP gateway 104 and Cisco Presence server 116.

Operation proceeds from step 244 and/or step 248, via connecting node B 230 to the inputs of step 206, 208 and 232.

In some embodiments, the first presence information is presence information generated by a Web server, e.g., Web server 109, and the first presence information corresponds to a smart phone, e.g., device 1 118 which is a smart phone.

In some embodiments, the first presence information includes user state information in an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format, and said first domain is a domain in which XML is used to communicate presence information. In some such embodiments, the XML format is XMPP (eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) format.

In various embodiments, the second user identifier is an IMS ID and the second presence information 213 is information obtained from SIP signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID or location signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID, e.g. device 2 120. In some such embodiments, in step 215 the first set of aggregated presence information is stored in a home subscriber server memory, e.g., memory 117, corresponding to said IMS ID. In some other embodiments, the first set of aggregated presence information is stored in memory within the first aggregation element, e.g., memory 314 in device 300, which may be PAIF device 108.

In some embodiments, the second presence information 213 includes SIP session information from a call server control entity, e.g., a S-CSCF, e.g., S-CSCF 113.

In various embodiments, the first and second presence information (211, 213) each include one or more of the following: user registration status; user in call status or IDLE status; user location; access network capability information; and user device capability information, e.g., device audio and/or device video capability information.

In one exemplary embodiment, the communications environment is communications environment 100 of FIG. 1; the first aggregation element is PAIF device 108; the first presence server is MS Lync presence server 102; the first device is user A's PC/smart phone 118 including Google login; the second device is user A's mobile 120 having an IMS ID; the third device is user A's PC/smartphone 124 including Lync login; and the third device is user A's desk phone 122; the first autonomous system is system 156; the second autonomous system is system 158; the fourth autonomous system is system 160; the third autonomous system is a system including device 3 124, device 5 126, device N 128, and MS Lync presence server 102.

FIG. 3 is a drawing of an exemplary PAIF device 300 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Exemplary PAIF device 300 is, e.g., PAIF device 108 of FIG. 1. Exemplary PAIF device 300 includes I/O interfaces 302, a processor 310 an assembly of modules 312, and memory 314, coupled together via a bus 316 over which the various elements may interchange data and information. I/O interfaces 302 includes a plurality of interfaces including a first interface 308, e.g., a XMPP interface, a second interface 306, e.g., a SIP IMS interface 306, a third interface 307, e.g., a MS Lync interface, and a fourth interface 308, e.g., a SIP/CTI interface. Memory 314 includes an assembly of software modules 320 and data/information 322. In some embodiments, the first interface 308 includes a receiver 358 and a transmitter 360. In some embodiments, the second interface 306 includes a receiver 354 and a transmitter 356. In some embodiments, the third interface 307 includes a receiver 362 and a transmitter 364. In some embodiments, the fourth interface 304 includes a receiver 350 and a transmitter 352.

First interface 308, e.g., a XMPP interface, is configured to receive first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system. Second interface 306, e.g., a SIP IMS interface, is configured to receive second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system. In various embodiments, the first and second user identifiers are not MS Lync identifiers. Fourth interface 308, e.g., a SIP/CTI interface, is configured to receive fourth presence information corresponding to a fourth user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system. In various embodiments, the fourth user identifier is not an MS Lync identifier.

Third interface 307, e.g., a MS Lync interface, is configured to communicate, e.g., transmit, a set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a presence server. For example, third interface 307 is configured to communicate a first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier. In some embodiments, the first presence server is an MS Lync server, e.g., MS Lync Presence server 102, and the third identifier is an MS Lync ID.

Third interface 307, e.g., a MS Lync interface, is further configured to communicate an updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to the first presence server, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.

In some embodiments, PAIF device 300 is configured to interface between an IMS network, and a MS Lync server. In some such embodiments, the PAIF device 300 is positioned between the IMS network and the MS Lync server. For example PAIF device 108, which may be PAIF device 300, is located between IMS network 158 and MS Lync Presence server 102. In some embodiments the PAIF device is located in the IMS network. In some embodiments, the PAIF device is located in a border session controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of the IMS network.

FIG. 4 is a drawing of assembly of modules 400 which may be, and in some embodiments is, included in exemplary PAIF device 300 illustrated in FIG. 3. The modules in the assembly of modules 400 may, and in some embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within the processor 310, e.g., as individual circuits. The modules in the assembly of modules 400 may, and in some embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within the assembly of modules 312, e.g., as individual circuits corresponding to the different modules. In other embodiments some of the modules are implemented, e.g., as circuits, within the processor 310 with other modules being implemented, e.g., as circuits within assembly of modules 312 and/or within I/O interfaces 202, external to and coupled to the processor 310. As should be appreciated the level of integration of modules on the processor and/or with some modules being external to the processor may be one of design choice.

Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some of the modules included in assembly of modules 400 may be implemented in software and stored in the memory 314 of the PAIF device 300, with the modules controlling operation of PAIF device 300 to implement the functions corresponding to the modules when the modules are executed by a processor, e.g., processor 310. In some such embodiments, the assembly of modules 400 is included in the memory 314 as assembly of modules 320. In still other embodiments, various modules in assembly of modules 400 are implemented as a combination of hardware and software, e.g., with another circuit external to the processor providing input to the processor 310 which then under software control operates to perform a portion of a module's function. While shown in the FIG. 3 embodiment as a single processor, e.g., computer, it should be appreciated that the processor 310 may be implemented as one or more processors, e.g., computers.

When implemented in software the modules include code, which when executed by the processor 310, configure the processor 310 to implement the function corresponding to the module. In embodiments where the assembly of modules 400 is stored in the memory 314, the memory 314 is a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each module, for causing at least one computer, e.g., processor 310, to implement the functions to which the modules correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based modules may be used. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of software and hardware, e.g., circuit implemented modules may be used to implement the functions. As should be appreciated, the modules illustrated in FIG. 4 control and/or configure the PAIF device 300 or elements therein such as the processor 310, to perform functions of corresponding steps illustrated in the method flowchart 200 of FIG. 2. Thus the assembly of modules 400 includes various modules that perform functions of corresponding steps of the method shown in FIG. 2.

Assembly of modules 400 includes a monitoring module 401, a first interface receiver module 402, a second interface receiver module 404, a fourth interface receiver module 406, an aggregated presence information generation module 408, an information processing module 410, a storage module 412, and a third interface communications module 414. Monitoring module 401 is configured to monitor for presence information, e.g., presence information being received via first interface 308, second interface 306, and fourth interface 304.

First interface receiver module 402, e.g., a receiver module configured to receive signals via first interface 308, e.g., a XMPP interface, is configured to receive first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system. Second interface receiver module 404, e.g., a receiver module configured to receive signals via a second interface 306, e.g., a SIP IMS interface, is configured to receive second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system. Fourth interface receiver module 406, e.g., a receiver module configured to receive signals via a fourth interface 304, e.g., a SIP/CTI interface, is configured to receive fourth presence information corresponding to a fourth user identifier of the first user indicating a presence of state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system.

Aggregated presence information generation module 408 is configured to generate from received presence information, a set of aggregated presence information. For example, aggregated presence information generation module 408 is configured to generate from first and second presence information a first set of aggregated presence information. In some such embodiments, the first set of aggregated presence information is not indicated to be aggregated information. In some such embodiments, the first and second user identifiers are not MS Lync identifiers. As another example, aggregated presence information generation module 408 is further configured to generate from first, second and fourth presence information an updated first set of aggregated presence information. In some such embodiments, the updated first set of aggregated presence information is not indicated to be aggregated information. In some such embodiments, the first, second, and fourth user identifiers are not MS Lync identifiers.

Information processing module 410 is configured to process a set of aggregated information to put it in a first format. For example, information processing module 410 is configured to process a first set of aggregated information to put it in a first format. In some embodiments, the first format is a format used in MS Lync communications. In some embodiments, the first set of aggregated information in the first format includes an aggregation indicator indicating that the information being communicated is aggregated information. As another example, the information processing module 410 is configured to process an updated first set of aggregated information to put in a first format.

Storage module 412 is configured to store a generated set of aggregated information and a processed set of generated aggregated information, e.g., within data/information 322 of memory 314 of PAIF device 300.

Third interface communications module 414, e.g., a MS Lync communication module, is configured to communicate, e.g., transmit, via third interface 307, e.g., a MS Lync interface, a set of aggregated presence information in a first format to a presence server. For example, third interface communications module 414 is configured to communicate a first set of aggregated presence information in a first format to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to third user identifier.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary first presence server 500, e.g., a MS Lync presence server, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Exemplary first presence server 500 is, e.g., MS Lync presence server 102 of FIG. 1. Exemplary first presence server 500 includes I/O interfaces 502, a processor 508, an assembly of modules 510, e.g., an assembly of circuits, and memory 512, coupled together via a bus 511 over which the various elements may interchange data and information. I/O interfaces 502 includes a plurality of interfaces including a first communications interface 504, e.g., a MS Lync interface, and a second communications interface 506, e.g., an XMPP interface 506. In some embodiments, the first communications interface 504 includes a receiver 550 and a transmitter 552. In some embodiments, the second communications interface 506 includes a receiver 554 and a transmitter 556. Memory 512 includes an assembly of software modules 514 and data/information 516.

Exemplary first communications interface 504, e.g., a MS Lync interface, couples the first presence server 500 to a plurality of devices which support communications using a first format. For example, first communications interface 504 in MS Lync presence server 102 coupled the MS Lync presence server to PAIF device 108 via link 138, to device 3 124 via link 144, to device 5 126 via link 146, and to device N 128 via link 148.

First communications interface 504 is configured to communicate, e.g., transmit, from the first presence server 500 a set of aggregated presence information in a first format. For example, first communications interface 504 is configured to communicate, e.g., transmit, from said first presence server 500 a first set of aggregated presence information in a first format, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier to a device in a third domain of a third autonomous system. The device in a third domain of a third autonomous system is, e.g., a MS Lnyc device. In one example, the device in a third domain of a third autonomous system is device 3 124 of FIG. 1. For example, MS Lync presence server 102 transmits a set of aggregated presence information corresponding to user A via first communications interface 504 over link 144 to device 3 124.

First communications interface 504 is further configured to receive third presence information corresponding to a third user identifier of a first user device indicating presence state of said first user on a third device in said third domain of a third autonomous system. For example, MS Lync presence server 102 receives, via first communications interface 504, third presence information sent from device 3 124 over link 144. In some embodiments, the first presence server 500 is an MS Lync server, and the third user identifier is an MS Lync ID.

First communications interface 504 is further configured to receive a first set of aggregated presence information, e.g., from a PAIF device. In some embodiments, the first set of aggregated presence information is generated by a presence aggregation interworking function module included in an aggregation element, e.g., a PAIF device. First communications interface 504 is further configured to receive an updated first set of aggregated presence information, e.g., from the PAIF device.

First communications interface 504 is further configured to communicate, e.g., transmit, an updated first set of aggregated presence information in a first format to a device in the third domain. For example, an updated set of aggregated information is communicated, e.g., transmitted, via the first communications interface 504 of MS Lync presence server 102 to device 3 124, device 5 126, and/or device N 126.

Second communications interface 506, e.g., an XMPP interface, couples the first presence server 500 to a device communicating using a different format than the first format. For example, MS Lync presence server 102, which may be the first presence server 500, is coupled via second communications interface 506, e.g., an XMPP interface, to XMPP gateway 104.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of assembly of modules 600, which can be, and in some embodiments is, included in the exemplary first presence server 500, e.g., a MS Lync presence server, illustrated in FIG. 5. The modules in the assembly of modules 600 can, and in some embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within the processor 508, e.g., as individual circuits. The modules in the assembly of modules 600 can, and in some embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within the assembly of modules 510, e.g., as individual circuits corresponding to the different modules. In other embodiments some of the modules are implemented, e.g., as circuits, within the processor 508 with other modules being implemented, e.g., as circuits within assembly of modules 510 and/or within I/O interfaces 502, external to and coupled to the processor. As should be appreciated the level of integration of modules on the processor and/or with some modules being external to the processor may be one of design choice.

Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some of the modules including in assembly of modules 600 may be implemented in software and stored in the memory 512 of the first presence server 500, with the modules controlling operation of first presence server 500 to implement the functions corresponding to the modules when the modules are executed by a processor, e.g., processor 508. In some such embodiments, the assembly of modules 600 is included in the memory 512 as assembly of modules 514. In still other embodiments, various modules in assembly of modules 600 are implemented as a combination of hardware and software, e.g., with another circuit external to the processor providing input to the processor 508 which then under software control operates to perform a portion of a module's function. While shown in the FIG. 5 embodiment as a single processor, e.g., computer, it should be appreciated that the processor 508 may be implemented as one or more processors, e.g., computers.

When implemented in software the modules include code, which when executed by the processor 508, configure the processor 508 to implement the function corresponding to the module. In embodiments where the assembly of modules 600 is stored in the memory 512, the memory 512 is a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each module, for causing at least one computer, e.g., processor 508, to implement the functions to which the modules correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based modules may be used. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of software and hardware, e.g., circuit implemented modules may be used to implement the functions. As should be appreciated, the modules illustrated in FIG. 6 control and/or configure the first presence server 500 or elements therein such as the processor 508, to perform functions of corresponding steps illustrated in the method flowchart 200 of FIG. 2. Thus the assembly of modules 600 includes various modules that perform functions of corresponding steps of the method shown in FIG. 2.

Assembly of modules 600 includes a monitoring module 601, a first communications interface, e.g., MS Lync interface, receiver module 602, a first communications interface, e.g., MS Lync interface, transmitter module 604, a second interface, e.g., a XMPP interface, receiver module 606, a second interface, e.g., a XMPP interface, transmitter module 608, an update information generation module 610, a first updating module 612, a format conversion module 614, a second updating module 616, a presence update registration module 618, and a presence information request module 620. Monitoring module 601 is configured to monitor for presence information, e.g., presence information being received via first communications interface 504.

First communications interface receiver module 602 is configured to receive, via first communication interface 504, a set of aggregated presence information corresponding to a first user from a PAIF device, and presence information corresponding to the first user from one or more additional user devices. For example, the first communications interface receiver is configured to receive third presence information corresponding to the third user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of the first user on a third device in said third domain of said third autonomous system.

First communications interface transmitter module 604 is configured to transmit, via the first communications interface 504, a first set of aggregated presence information in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier to a device in a third domain of a third autonomous system. In one example, in which the first presence server 500 is MS Lync server 102, the device in the third domain of a third autonomous system is, e.g., device 3 124, which is an MS LYNC device. First communications interface transmitter module 604 is further configured to transmit, via the first communications interface 504, an updated first set of aggregated presence information in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier to a device in a third domain of a third autonomous system. In one example, in which the first presence server 500 is MS Lync server 102, the device in the third domain of a third autonomous system is, e.g., device 3 124 or another device in the third domain, e.g., device 5 126, which is an MS LYNC device.

Second communications interface receiver module 606 is configured to receive, via second communication interface 506 signals including, e.g. presence information, a request to register to receive presence updates, a request for presence information, etc.

First communications interface transmitter module 608 is configured to transmit, via the second communications interface 506, aggregated presence information corresponding to user, e.g., an updated first set of presence information to a device which does not support the first format.

Updated information generation module 610 is configured to generate from a first set of aggregated presence information and third presence information from a third device an updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format.

First updating module 612 is configured to control the first presence server to communicate, via said first communications interface, said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to at least one device which supports said first format and has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier. A device may have expressed an interest by registering for presence updates corresponding to the first MS Lync ID or requested information for the first MS Lync ID which corresponds to the third user identifier.

Format conversion module 614 is configured to convert an updated first set of aggregated presence information from the first format to a different format used by a device which does not support the first format but has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.

Second updating module 616 is configured to control the first presence server to communicate, via a second communications interface, said updated first set of aggregated presence information to a device which does not support the first format.

Presence update registration module 618 is configured to receive and process requests from devices expressing an interest in presence information corresponding to a user ID, e.g., the third user identifier corresponding to the first user. A part of processing a request, a requesting device may be, and sometimes is, registered to receive updated presence information, e.g., on an ongoing basis as updates become available. As part of the registration, information is stored in a registration record as to the format in which the presence information is to be communicated, e.g., a first format, or a different format.

Presence information request module 620 is configured to receive and process requests from devices expressing an interest in presence information corresponding to a user ID, e.g., the third user identifier corresponding to the first user. In response to a request, a requesting device may be, and sometimes is, sent updated presence information.

In some embodiments, said first presence information corresponds to a first device, said second presence information corresponds to a second device and said fourth presence information corresponds to a fourth device, said first, second and fourth devices corresponding to the first user. In some embodiments, said third presence information includes user state information in an MS Lync format, said first, second and fourth domains being domains in which MS Lync is not used to communicate presence information.

In some embodiments, said first presence information is presence information generated by a Web server and wherein said first presence information corresponds to a smart phone. In some embodiments, said first presence information includes user state information in a XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format, said first domain being a domain in which XML is used to communicate presence information. In some embodiments, the XML format is XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) format. In some embodiments, said second user identifier is an IMS ID; and the second presence information is information obtained from SIP signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID or location signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID. In some embodiments, the second presence information includes SIP session information from a call server control entity (e.g., S-CSCF).

In various embodiments, the first and second presence information each include one or more of the following: user registration status; user in call status or IDLE status; user location; access network capability information; and user device capability information, e.g., device audio and/or video capability information.

Various aspects and/or features or some embodiments, are further described below.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary communications environment 700 including a fixed core network 706, a 2G/3G radio network 708, a 2G/3G core network 704, a 3G/4G packet access network 710, an IMS network 702 corresponding to Telecom service provider A, a Lync online cloud 712, a first Enterprise PBX using Lync online, Enterprise A 766, a second Enterprise PBX using Lync online, Enterprise B 768, and a third Enterprise PBX using on premises Lync, Enterprise C 770.

A plain old telephone service (POTS) device 756 is connected to the fixed core network 706. The 2G/3G radio network 708 includes a plurality of base stations including exemplary base station 1 (BS 1) and base station 2 (BS 2). User device 1 748 and user device 2 750 are coupled to BS 1 722 via wireless links. User device 3 752 and user device 4 754 are coupled to BS 2 724 via wireless links. The 2G/3G core network 704 is coupled to the 2G/3G radio network 708. The 2G/3G core network includes a home location register (HLR) 714, a short message service center (SMSC) 716, circuit switched equipment (CSE) 718 and a service control point (SCP) 720. The SCP 720 interfaces the fixed core network 706 to the 2G/3G core network 704.

The 3G/4G packet access network 710 includes a plurality of eNode B devices (eNB 1 744, . . . , eNB K 746). User device 5 758 and user device 6 760 are coupled to eNB 1 744. User device 7 762 and user device J 764 are coupled to eNB K 746. The eNodeB devices (eNB 1 744, . . . , eNB K 746) are coupled to a serving gateway (SGW) 742.

IMS network 702 includes a plurality of IMS Application servers (IMS APP 1 728, . . . , IMS APP n 730), a media gateway control function and media gateway (MGCF and MGW) device 726, a serving call session control function (S-CSCF) device 732, a home subscriber server (HSS) 731, a proxy call session control function (P-CSCF) device 734, an IMS service control gateway (ISC GW) 735, and a Presence Aggregation Information Interworking Function PAIF device 738. HSS 731, IMS APP 1 728, IMS APP n 730, MCGF and MGW device 726, a P-CSCF device 734, a ISC GW 735, and PAIF device 738, are coupled to the S-CSCF 732.

MGCF and MGW device 726 couples the IMS network 702 to the 2G/3G core network 704. P-CSCF 734 is coupled to a packet data network gateway (PDN GW) 712, which is coupled to the SGW 742 of 3G/4G packet access network 710. ISC GW 735 of IMS network 702 is coupled to PAIF device 740 of Lync online cloud 712.

Enterprise C 770 includes a Lync presence server 771, which is coupled to the PAIF device 738 of IMS network 702. A plurality of user devices (user device 1C 788, . . . , user device NC 790) are coupled to Lync Presence server 770 of Enterprise C 770.

A plurality of user devices (user device 1A 784, . . . , user device NA 786) are coupled to Enterprise A 766. A plurality of user devices (user device 1B 780, . . . , user device NB 782) are coupled to Enterprise B 768. Lync Presence server 770 is coupled to PAIF 738.

Lync online cloud 712 includes a PAIF device 740 and a Lync Presence server 713, which are coupled together. Enterprise A 766 and Enterprise B 768 are coupled to Lync presence server 713.

A user may, and sometimes does, have multiple user devices, e.g., different user devices which may be used to access different autonomous systems, e.g., based on device capabilities and/or user subscription. A user may, and sometimes does, have different user IDs corresponding to different systems, e.g., an ID corresponding to a 2G cellular network, an ID corresponding to a 4G packet network, a MS Lync ID, etc.

In one embodiment, the Presence Aggregation and Interworking Function (PAIF) is included in a module positioned between MS Lync and IMS Networks and/or clouds. In the example of FIG. 1, PAIF device 108 is positioned between MS Lync Presence server 102 and IMS network 112. In other embodiments, the Presence Aggregation and Interworking Function is deployed under a MS Lync cloud or as part of an IMS network. In the example, of FIG. 7, PAIF 740 is deployed under Lync cloud 712, e.g., an MS Lync cloud, and PAIF 738 is deployed as part of IMS network 702. When the PAIF is located in the IMS network facing the Lync Enterprises, the IMS operator is able to offer the enhanced presence service to MS Lync subscribers. When the PAIF is located in the MS Lync cloud facing the IMS Operator it enables the MS Lync cloud to expose standard SIP interfaces towards the IMS Operator.

In various embodiments, the IMS network 702, uses the standard IMS procedures as defined by 3GPP and chains in the Presence Aggregation & Interworking Function (738 or 740), as an IMS Application server for the subscriber. Chaining of the PAIF Application server (738 or 740) for a subscriber can be configured in the HSS 731 via ‘IFCs—Initial Filter Criteria’. S-CSCF (732)/IMS core chains in the PAIF (738 or 740) (via ISC Gateway 745 in case PAIF 740 is in a different domain) in the following events:

-   -   Registration/Deregistration—S-CSCF 732 sends the third party         registration/de-registration towards PAIF (738 or 740) when IMS         Identity of the user registers or de-registers,     -   Originating call—S-CSCF 732 chains in the PAIF (738 or 740) when         IMS Identity of user initiates a call,     -   Terminating call—S-CSCF 732 chains in the PAIF (738 or 740) when         an incoming call is received for IMS Identity of user.

In accordance with a feature of various embodiments of the present invention, a Presence Aggregation and Interworking Function (PAIF) module, e.g. in a PAIF device such as PAIF 738 or PAIF 740, is introduced into a communications environment. In various embodiments, a PAIF is responsible for monitoring user activity, aggregating status information corresponding to a user, and communicating aggregated status information. The PAIF monitors user activity corresponding to an IMS ID. This includes monitoring user registration information, monitoring user on call information corresponding to incoming and/or outgoing calls, and monitoring user Idle information. The PAIF aggregates the presence status of the user based on user activity on the user's IMS ID and publishes the aggregated information to a MS Lync system.

FIG. 8 is a drawing 800 illustrating an exemplary Lync network 802 in the Lync domain, an exemplary IMS/NextGeneration SIP network 804 in the IMS domain, and a PAIF device 806 which bridges the two domains. The Lync network 802 includes an exemplary Lync presence server 804. SIP signals 808 flows between the IMS network and a first interface of the PAIF device 806. United Communications Managed API (UCMA) signals 810 flow between the Lync Presence server and a second interface of the PAIF device 806.

Exemplary Lync and IMS Presence aggregation procedures are described below. In some embodiments, the PAIF acts as a standard IMS Application Server (AS) relaying the SIP Requests and responses back to a S-CSCF node. The IMS AS may be, and in some embodiments is, a SIP proxy or back to back user agent (B2BUA) transparently relaying Session Description Protocol (SDP) information. The PAIF uses the knowledge of the SIP session corresponding to the IMS ID to establish the user's presence state.

The PAIF learns the location of a device using the user's IMS ID based on one or more of the following:

-   -   SIP Signaling headers, e.g., ‘P-Access-Network-Info’ and         GeoLocation header, etc.;     -   Using interface to location database, e.g., HLR, HSS, etc.

The PAIF learns the User's activity on the user's devices with respect to the user's IMS ID based on one or more of the following:

-   -   by being chained in as an IMS AS by IMS core functions for calls         and registrations;     -   by having an interface towards call server serving the User to         learn its call activity, for example a CTI interface, or any         notification mechanism.

The PAIF learns the user device capability on the user's IMS ID based on one or more of the following:

-   -   User and network Policy information stored in a database,     -   Capabilities of the Access network, which can be learned         dynamically using SIP headers, e.g., ‘P-Access-Network-Info’,     -   Capability of the device, which can be learned dynamically using         SIP headers, e.g., ‘User-Agent’.

In some embodiments, the PAIF establishes the users presence status based on one or more of the following:

-   -   User registration status;     -   User in call or IDLE;     -   User location;     -   Access network capabilities;     -   User device capability.

In some embodiments, the PAIF uses the open presence specification published by Microsoft, e.g., Microsoft's [MS-PRES]: Presence Protocol, for sharing the presence state of the user. In some embodiments, the PAIF sends a SIP PUBLISH request with pidf+xml payload representing IMS IDs presence state based on user activity.

-   -   User not de-Register→send Publish with presence state expired.     -   User Registered but IDLE→send Publish with presence state         Available     -   User On call—incoming or outgoing calls→send Publish with         presence state Busy

In some embodiments, the PAIF will send SIP Publish with IMS ID presence state to a Lync server in following events:

-   -   User registers→presence state Available     -   User de-registers/registration expired→presence state expired     -   User makes a call→presence state Busy     -   User receives a call→presence state Busy     -   User call is over →presence state Available

Table 1300 of FIG. 13 illustrates exemplary presence information which may be, and in some embodiments is, generated for a user ID by a PAIF device based on activity of a user's device detected by the PAIF device during monitoring of the activity of the user's device. In some such embodiments the PAIF device may be incorporated into an Enterprise PBX or an SBC. Each of the rows 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, and 1316 contain two entries. The first entry of each of these rows corresponds to column 1302 and contains an activity which may be detected during monitoring of the activity corresponding to a user ID, e.g., an IMS ID, by the PAIF on one of the PAIF's I/O interfaces. The second entry of each of these rows corresponds to column 1304 and contains the corresponding presence information generated by the PAIF for the user ID based on the monitored activity contained in the entry of the first column of the row. The entries of row 1306 indicate that activity of being registered (entry row 1306, column 1302) correlates to a presence information state of available (entry row 1306, column 1304). The entries of row 1308 indicate that activity of making a call (entry row 1308, column 1302) correlates to a presence information state of busy (entry row 1308, column 1304). The entries of row 1310 indicate that activity of receiving a call (entry row 131, column 1302) correlates to a presence information state of busy (entry row 1310, column 1304). The entries of row 1312 indicate that activity of call over (entry row 1312, column 1302) correlates to a presence information state of available (entry row 1312, column 1304). The entries of row 1314 indicate that activity of not registered (entry row 1314, column 1302) correlates to a presence information state of offline (entry row 1314, column 1304). The entries of row 1316 indicate that activity of detecting a location, e.g., through a SIP message, correlates to presence information indicating the location detected (entry row 1316, column 1304). The entries of row 1318 indicate that activity of detecting a device capability, e.g., through a SIP message, correlates to presence information indicating the device capability detected (entry row 1318, column 1304).

FIG. 9 is a flowchart 900 of an exemplary method of operating a PAIF device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Operation starts in step 902 in which the PAIF device is powered on and initialized. Operation proceeds from step 902 to step 904, in which the PAIF device monitors a user's activity across one or more of a user's IDs in different domains, e.g., user registration status, user in call or idle status, user location, access network capabilities, user device capability. Operation proceeds from step 904 to step 906, in which the PAIF device determines if user activity has changed in any domain. If the PAIF determines that user activity has not changed, then operation proceeds from step 906 to step 904, in which the PAIF continues the monitoring. If the PAIF determines that user activity has changed, then operation proceeds from step 906 to step 908. In step 908 the PAIF device generates aggregated presence state for the user based on the user's activity across the different domains. Operation proceeds from step 908 to step 910. In step 910 the PAIF transmits the generated aggregated presence state to the presence server. Operation proceeds from step 910 to step 904 for additional monitoring.

An exemplary method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems, in accordance with some embodiments, comprises: receiving, at a first aggregation element, first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system; receiving, at the first aggregation element, second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system; generating, at the first aggregation element, from said first and second presence information a first set of aggregated presence information; and communicating from the first aggregation element said first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier. In some embodiments, the exemplary method further comprises communicating, from said first presence server, said first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to a device, e.g., a 3rd device which is an MS LYNC device, in a third domain of a third autonomous system. In some such embodiments, the exemplary method further comprises: prior to communicating said first set of aggregated information to said presence server in the first format, processing, at said first aggregation element, said first set of aggregated information to put it in said first format. In some embodiments, said first set of aggregated information in the first format includes an aggregation indicator indicating that the information being communicated is aggregated information.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method includes receiving, at the first presence server, third presence information corresponding to said third user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user on a third device in said third domain of said third autonomous system; generating from said first set of aggregated presence information and said third presence information from said third device an updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format; and communicating said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to a device in said third domain, e.g., 3rd device or another device in the 3rd domain.

In some embodiments, said first set of aggregated presence information is generated by a presence aggregation internetworking function module included in said first aggregation element. In some such embodiments, said first aggregation element is configured to interface between an IMS network and a MS Lync server.

In some embodiments, said first aggregation element is located in a device positioned between the IMS network and the MS Lync Server; said MS Lync server is said first presence server. In some embodiments, first aggregation element is located in a device located in the IMS network. In some embodiments, said first aggregation element is located in a border session controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of the IMS network. In some embodiments, the first aggregation element is location in a application server.

In various embodiments, first presence server is an MS LYNC server, and said third identifier is an MS Lync ID. In some such embodiments, said first set of aggregated presence information is not indicated to be aggregated information.

In some embodiments, said first and second user identifiers are not MS LYNC identifiers.

In various embodiments, the exemplary method includes receiving, at the first aggregation element, fourth presence information corresponding to a fourth user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system; generating, at the first aggregation element, from said first, second and fourth presence information an updated first set of aggregated presence information; and communicating said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to the first presence server, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.

In some embodiments, said first presence information corresponds to a first device, said second presence information corresponds to a second device and said fourth presence information corresponds to a fourth device, said first, second and fourth devices corresponding to the first user; and communicating, from said first presence server, said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to at least one device which supports said first format and has expressed an interest (e.g., registered for presence updates corresponding to the first MS LYNC ID or request presence information for the first MS LYNC ID) in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier. In some such embodiments, the exemplary method further includes converting said updated first set of aggregated presence information from said first format to a different format used by a device which does not support said first format but which has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, prior to communicating said updated first set of aggregated presence information to the device which does not support said first format.

In some embodiments, said third presence information includes user state information in an MS Lync format, said first, second and fourth domains being domains in which MS Lync is not used to communicate presence information.

In some embodiments, said first presence information is presence information generated by a Web server and said first presence information corresponds to a smart phone. In some embodiments, first presence information includes user state information in a XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format, said first domain being a domain in which XML is used to communicate presence information. In some such embodiments, the XML format is XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) format.

In various embodiments, the second user identifier is an IMS ID; and the second presence information is information obtained from SIP signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID or location signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID.

In various embodiments, the exemplary method includes storing said first set of aggregate presence information in a home subscriber server memory corresponding to said IMS ID. In some embodiments, the second presence information includes SIP session information from a call server control entity, e.g., a S-CSCF.

In some embodiments, said first and second presence information each include one or more of the following: user registration status; user in call status or IDLE status; user location; access network capability information; and user device capability information, e.g., device audio and/or video capability information.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method includes operating a CTI interface of a call server to monitor call activity corresponding to said fourth user identifier; and operating the CTI interface of said call server to generate said fourth presence information based on said monitoring.

An exemplary system, in accordance with some embodiments, includes a presence aggregation and interworking function (PAIF) device and a first presence server. The PAIF device includes a first interface configured to receive first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a first domain of a first autonomous system; a second interface configured to receive second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a second domain of a second autonomous system; an aggregated presence information generation module configured to generate, from said first and second presence information, a first set of aggregated presence information; and a third interface configured to communicate said first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier.

In some embodiments, the first presence server includes: a first communications interface configured to communicate, from said first presence server, said first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to a device, e.g., 3rd device which is an MS LYNC device, in a third domain of a third autonomous system.

In some embodiments, said PAIF device further comprises: an information processing module configured to process said first set of aggregated information to put it in said first format. In some embodiments, said first set of aggregated information in the first format includes an aggregation indicator indicating that the information being communicated is aggregated information.

In some embodiments, the first communication interface in said first presence server is further configured to receive third presence information corresponding to said third user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user on a third device in said third domain of said third autonomous system. In various embodiments, said first presence server further comprising: an updated information generation module configured to generate, from said first set of aggregated presence information and said third presence information from said third device, an updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format; and the first communications interface is further configured to communicate said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to a device (e.g., 3rd device or another device in 3rd domain) in said third domain.

In some embodiments, first set of aggregated presence information is generated by a presence aggregation internetworking function module included in said aggregation element. In various embodiments, the PAIF device is configured to interface between an IMS network and a MS Lync server. In some such embodiments, the PAIF device is positioned between the IMS network and the MS Lync Server. In some embodiments, the PAIF device is located in the IMS network. In various embodiments, the PAIF device is included in a border session controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of the IMS network.

In some embodiments, the first presence server is an MS LYNC server, and wherein said third identifier is an MS Lync ID. In some such embodiments, said first set of aggregated presence information is not indicated to be aggregated information.

In various embodiments, the first and second user identifiers are not MS LYNC identifiers. In some such embodiments, the first, second and fourth user identifiers are not MS Lync identifiers; the third user identifier is an MS LYNC identifier, and the first second and fourth user identifier correspond to the same user.

In some embodiments, the PAIF device includes a fourth interface configured to receive fourth presence information corresponding to a fourth user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system. In some such embodiments, said aggregated presence information generation module is further configured to generate from said first, second and fourth presence information an updated first set of aggregated presence information; and the third interface is further configured to communicate said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to the first presence server, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.

In some embodiments, the first presence information corresponds to a first device, the second presence information corresponds to a second device and said fourth presence information corresponds to a fourth device, said first, second and fourth devices corresponding to the first user. In some such embodiments, the first presence server further comprises: a first updating module which is configured to control the first presence server to communicate, via said first communications interface, said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to at least one device which supports said first format and has expressed an interest (e.g., registered for presence updates corresponding to the first MSLYNC ID or request presence information for the first MS LYNC ID) in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier. In some such embodiments, said first presence server further comprises: a format conversion module configured to convert said updated first set of aggregated presence information from said first format to a different format used by a device which does not support said first format but which has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier; and a second updating module which is configured to control the first presence server to communicate, via a second communications interface, said updated first set of aggregated presence information to the device which does not support said first format.

In some embodiments, the third presence information includes user state information in an MS Lync format, said first, second and fourth domains being domains in which MS Lync is not used to communicate presence information.

In various embodiments, said first presence information is presence information generated by a Web server and wherein said first presence information corresponds to a smart phone. In some embodiments, said first presence information includes user state information in a XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format, said first domain being a domain in which XML is used to communicate presence information. In some such embodiments, the XML format is XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) format. In some embodiments, said second user identifier is an IMS ID; and the second presence information is information obtained from SIP signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID or location signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID.

In some embodiments, the system further includes a home subscriber server including memory for storing said first set of aggregate presence information corresponding to said IMS ID. In some embodiments, the second presence information includes SIP session information from a call server control entity, e.g., a S-CSCF.

In some embodiments, said first and second presence information each include one or more of the following: user registration status; user in call status or IDLE status; user location; access network capability information; and user device capability information, e.g., device audio and/or video capability information.

In some embodiments, the updated aggregated presence information is transmitted from the PAIF device to the first presence server when the updated aggregated presence information associated with the first user generated by the PAIF device is determined by the PAIF device to be different from the prior aggregated presence information generated by the PAIF device for the first user and the updated presence information associated with the first user is not transmitted from the PAIF device to the first presence server when the PAIF device determines that the updated aggregated presence information generated by the PAIF device is not different from the prior aggregated presence information generated by the PAIF device for the first user and previously transmitted to the first presence server. In some embodiments, the first presence server publishes aggregated user presence information only when the first presence server determines that the aggregated user presence information has changed.

In some embodiments the first and second devices may be in the same autonomous system but in different domains. The various user devices shown and described in the exemplary embodiments such as smartphones, desk phones, IMS based mobile cellphones, and PBX desk phones, are only exemplary in nature and are not meant to limit the application.

In some embodiments, device 1 118 may register with Google Presence Server 106 to receive notifications of the presence status of the third user identifier. In some such embodiments, the Google Presence Server 106 registers with the MS Lync Presence Server 102 to receive notifications regarding the status of the presence information associated with the third user identifier and upon receipt of such information from the MS Lync Presence Server 102 via XMPP Gateway 104 over communication links 140 and 142 transmits the information to the device 1 118 via communication link 145.

In various embodiments the system includes a call server including: a CTI interface for monitoring call activity corresponding to said fourth user identifier; and a generation module for generating said fourth presence information based on said monitoring.

While a logical sequencing of the processing steps of the exemplary embodiments of the methods, routines and subroutines of the present invention have been shown, the sequencing is only exemplary and the ordering of the steps may be varied.

The techniques of various embodiments may be implemented using software, hardware and/or a combination of software and hardware. Various embodiments are directed to apparatus, e.g., a data processing system. Various embodiments are also directed to methods, e.g., a method of processing data. Various embodiments are also directed to non-transitory machine, e.g., computer, readable medium, e.g., ROM, RAM, solid state storage, silicon storage disks, CDs, hard discs, etc., which include machine readable instructions for controlling a machine to implement one or more steps of a method.

In various embodiments, servers, e.g., application servers, may be utilized. Servers may be implemented in one or more circuits thus in some embodiments a server is a hardware device. In some embodiments servers may be software. In some embodiments servers may be a combination of hardware and software.

Various features of the present invention are implemented using modules. For example each of the various routines and/or subroutines disclosed may be implemented in one or more modules. Such modules may be, and in some embodiments are, implemented as software modules. In other embodiments the modules are implemented in hardware. In still other embodiments the modules are implemented using a combination of software and hardware. A wide variety of embodiments are contemplated including some embodiments where different modules are implemented differently, e.g., some in hardware, some in software, and some using a combination of hardware and software. It should also be noted that routines and/or subroutines, or some of the steps performed by such routines, may be implemented in dedicated hardware as opposed to software executed on a general purpose processor. Such embodiments remain within the scope of the present invention. Many of the above described methods or method steps can be implemented using machine executable instructions, such as software, included in a machine readable medium such as a memory device, e.g., RAM, floppy disk, solid state storage device, silicon storage device, etc. to control a machine, e.g., general purpose computer with or without additional hardware, to implement all or portions of the above described methods. Accordingly, among other things, the present invention is directed to a machine readable medium including machine executable instructions for causing a machine, e.g., processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of the steps of the above described method(s).

Numerous additional variations on the methods and apparatus of the various embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the above description. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems, the method comprising: operating a first receiver in a first hardware Interface of a first aggregation device to receive from a first domain of a first autonomous system first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in said first domain of said first autonomous system, said first hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said first autonomous system; operating a second receiver in a second hardware Interface of the first aggregation device to receive from a second domain of a second autonomous system second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in said second domain of said second autonomous system, said second hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said second autonomous system; operating a processor of the first aggregation device to generate from said first and second presence information a first set of aggregated presence information; operating a first transmitter of a third hardware Interface of the first aggregation device to communicate from the first aggregation device said first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier of the first user for a third device, said third device being a user device used by said first user in a third domain of a third autonomous system to access said third autonomous system, said third hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said first presence server; operating a first transmitter of a first hardware Interface of the first presence server to communicate said first set of aggregated presence information in said first format as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to a device in said third domain of said third autonomous system; wherein said first, second and third autonomous systems are separate communications networks, each of said first, second and third autonomous systems including at least one physical user device; wherein said third autonomous system includes a plurality of different physical user devices, the different physical user devices corresponding to different users; and wherein said first set of aggregated presence information is generated by performing an ORing operation on the first presence information received corresponding to the first user identifier and the second presence information received corresponding to the second user identifier of the first user.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first presence server is a MS Lync presence server, said third user identifier is a MS Lync identifier, and said third device is a smartphone using said third user identifier.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: prior to operating said first transmitter of the third hardware Interface of the first aggregation device to communicate said first set of aggregated presence information to said first presence server in the first format, further operating said processor of said first aggregation device to process said first set of aggregated information to put it in said first format.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: operating a first receiver of said first hardware Interface of the first presence server to receive third presence information corresponding to said third user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user on said third device in said third domain of said third autonomous system; operating a processor of said first presence server to generate from said first set of aggregated presence information and said third presence information from said third device an updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format; operating said first transmitter of said first hardware Interface of the first presence server to communicate said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to a device in said third domain as presence information corresponding to said third user identifier; and operating a second transmitter of a second hardware Interface of the first presence server to communicate said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in a second format, to a device in said first domain as presence information corresponding to said first user identifier which corresponds to a first device of said first user in said first domain.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: operating a fourth receiver at a fourth hardware Interface of the first aggregation device to receive at the first aggregation device fourth presence information corresponding to a fourth user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system; operating said processor of the first aggregation device, to generate from said first, second and fourth presence information an updated first set of aggregated presence information; and operating said first transmitter of said first hardware Interface of said first aggregation device to communicate said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to the first presence server, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said first presence information corresponds to a first device, said second presence information corresponds to a second device and said fourth presence information corresponds to a fourth device, said first, second and fourth devices corresponding to the first user; and communicating, from said first presence server, said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to at least one device which supports said first format and has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.
 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: operating said processor of said first presence server to convert said updated first set of aggregated presence information from said first format to a different format used by a device which does not support said first format but which has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, prior to communicating said updated first set of aggregated presence information to the device which does not support said first format.
 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising: operating a CTI interface of a call server to monitor call activity corresponding to said fourth user identifier; operating the CTI interface of said call server to generate said fourth presence information based on said monitoring.
 9. The method of claim 4, wherein said second user identifier is an IMS ID; and wherein the second presence information is information obtained from SIP signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID or location signaling corresponding to devices using said IMS ID.
 10. The method of claim 2, wherein said first aggregation device is located in a border session controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of an IMS network.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second presence information each include one or more of the following: user registration status; user in call status or IDLE status; user location; access network capability information; and user device capability information.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said first presence information is a first presence state and said second presence information is a second presence state; wherein said first presence state is one of: an available state, a busy state, or an offline state; and wherein said second presence state is one of: said available state, said busy state, or said offline state.
 13. A system comprising a presence aggregation and interworking function (PAIF) device and a first presence server, the PAIF device comprising: a first receiver of a first hardware interface for receiving from a first domain of a first autonomous system first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in said first domain of said first autonomous system, said first hardware interface being connected to and interfacing with said first autonomous system; a second receiver of a second hardware interface for receiving from a second domain of a second autonomous system second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in said second domain of said second autonomous system, said second hardware interface being connected to and interfacing with said second autonomous system; an aggregated presence information generation circuit that generates from said first and second presence information a first set of aggregated presence information; a first transmitter of a third hardware interface for communicating said first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier of the first user for a third device used by said first user in a third domain of a third autonomous system to access said third autonomous system, said third hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said first presence server; wherein said PAIF device is located in a session border controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of an IMS network; and wherein said first set of aggregated presence information is generated by performing an ORing operation on the first presence information received corresponding to the first user identifier and the second presence information received corresponding to the second user identifier of the first user.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said first presence server includes: a first transmitter of a first communications hardware interface that communicates from said first presence server said first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to a device in a third domain of a third autonomous system.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said first communication hardware interface in said first presence server includes a first receiver that receives third presence information corresponding to said third user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user on a third device in said third domain of said third autonomous system, said first presence server further comprising: an updated information generation circuit, that generates from said first set of aggregated presence information and said third presence information from said third device, an updated first set of aggregated presence information in the first format; and wherein said first transmitter of said first communications hardware interface in said first presence server communicates said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to a device in said third domain.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said PAIF device further comprising: a fourth receiver of a fourth hardware interface that receives fourth presence information corresponding to a fourth user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in a fourth domain of a fourth autonomous system; wherein said aggregated presence information generation circuit generates from said first, second and fourth presence information an updated first set of aggregated presence information; and wherein said first transmitter of said third hardware interface communicates said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in the first format, to the first presence server, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein said first presence information corresponds to a first device, said second presence information corresponds to a second device and said fourth presence information corresponds to a fourth device, said first, second and fourth devices corresponding to the first user; and wherein said first presence server further comprises: a first updating circuit that controls the first presence server to communicate, via said first transmitter of said first communications hardware interface of the first presence server, said updated first set of aggregated presence information, in said first format, as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to at least one device which supports said first format and has expressed an interest in presence information corresponding to the third user identifier.
 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising: a call server including: a CTI interface for monitoring call activity corresponding to said fourth user identifier; and a generation circuit that generates said fourth presence information based on said monitoring.
 19. The system of claim 13, wherein said first and second presence information each include one or more of the following: user registration status; user in call status or IDLE status; user location; access network capability information; and user device capability information.
 20. The system of claim 13, wherein said first, second and third autonomous systems are separate communications networks, each of said first, second and third autonomous systems including at least one physical user device; and wherein said third autonomous system includes a plurality of different physical user devices, the different physical user devices corresponding to different users.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein said first presence information is a first presence state and said second presence information is a second presence state; wherein said first presence state is one of: an available state, a busy state, or an offline state; and wherein said second presence state is one of: said available state, said busy state, or said offline state.
 22. A method of providing presence information in a communications environment including multiple autonomous systems, the method comprising: operating a first receiver in a first hardware Interface of a first aggregation device to receive from a first domain of a first autonomous system first presence information corresponding to a first user identifier of a first user indicating a presence state of said first user in said first domain of said first autonomous system, said first hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said first autonomous system; operating a second receiver in a second hardware Interface of the first aggregation device to receive from a second domain of a second autonomous system second presence information corresponding to a second user identifier of the first user indicating a presence state of said first user in said second domain of said second autonomous system, said second hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said second autonomous system; operating a processor of the first aggregation device to generate from said first and second presence information a first set of aggregated presence information; operating a first transmitter of a third hardware Interface of the first aggregation device to communicate from the first aggregation device said first set of aggregated presence information, in a first format, to a first presence server, as presence information corresponding to a third user identifier of the first user for a third device, said third device being a user device used by said first user in a third domain of a third autonomous system to access said third autonomous system, said third hardware Interface being connected to and interfacing with said first presence server; operating a first transmitter of a first hardware Interface of the first presence server to communicate said first set of aggregated presence information in said first format as presence information corresponding to the third user identifier, to a device in said third domain of said third autonomous system; wherein said first aggregation device is a session border controller which is an edge device positioned at the edge of an IMS network; and wherein said first set of aggregated presence information is generated by performing an ORing operation on the first presence information received corresponding to the first user identifier and the second presence information received corresponding to the second user identifier of the first user.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said first presence information is a first presence state and said second presence information is a second presence state; wherein said first presence state is one of: an available state, a busy state, or an offline state; and wherein said second presence state is one of: said available state, said busy state, or said offline state. 